Here is linkage to simulate a real folding
umbrella. This structure is more complicated than the one simulating
umbrella. Click right picture to see the animation. The following is a
detailed construction process. |
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Step of construction |
Illustration |
1. Start with an segment OA on z-axis, and an
regular octagon around z-axis in xy-plane.
2. Create a plane P containing z-axis and one
vertex of the regular octagon.
3.
Take a movable point M on segment OA. |
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4. Translate segment OA mapping O to M to get
segment O'A', and Translate segment O'A' mapping O to M to get segment
O''A".
5.
Translate point M mapping O to O'' to get point M'. |
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6. Change color of segments and hide useless
label. Take a point B on z-axis such that
=
0.378
7.
In plane P, draw circle centered on M' of radius = 0.681
and
circle centered on B of radius = 0.698
.
Point C is the intersection of two circles. |
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8. Hide previous circles. Create a line though
points B and C. Point D is on the line such that
= 0.641
.
9. Connect segment CM. Point E is on the
segment such that
=
0.146 .
10.
In plane P, draw circle centered on E of radius = 0.632
and
circle centered on D of radius = 0.137
.
Point F is the intersection of two circles. |
|
11. Hide previous circles. Create a line
though
points D and F. Connect segment BD, EF, and FD.
12.
Rotate line
clockwise
6.75 degrees around the line perpendicular to plane P and though point F
to obtain
. |
|
13. Hide line
.
Point G is on line
such
that
=
1.128 .
Point H is on segment CD such that
=
0.208
14. In plane P, draw circle centered on H of
radius = 1.245
and
circle centered on G of radius= 0.238
.
Point I is the intersection of two circles.
|
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15. Hide previous circles. Create a line
through
points G and I. Connect segment DG, HI, and IG.
16. Rotate line
counterclockwise
6.75 degrees around the line perpendicular to plane P and though point G
to obtain
.
17. Point J is on
such
that
=
|
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18. Hide all objects created at steps 8~17
except segment M'C, BD, DG, and GJ. Also hide plane P.
19. Rotate segment M'C, BD, DG, and GJ around
z-axis mapping one vertex of regular octagon towards adjacent vertex to
get segment M'C', BD', D'G', and G'J'.
20.
Draw convex polygon BDD', DGG'D', and GJJ'G'. |
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21. Repeat steps 19 and 20.
22. Reflect segment OA in xy-plane.
23.
Hide z-axis, xy-plane, regular octagon, and segments in convex polygon.
Change point size and border radius of convex polygons to smallest. |
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